3Yakutsk, Russia

Yakutsk is the coldest major city on Earth.

In winter, temperatures can drop to -50°C to -60°C (-58°F to -76°F). The city is built on permafrost, which means buildings must be specially designed to prevent sinking. Despite the extreme cold, over 300,000 people live in Yakutsk.
The city has museums, theaters, and even a university. People wear thick fur clothing to survive the freezing weather.